Becoming a Computer Programmer

Computer programmers write the instructions that tell computers how to execute tasks. A computer programmer determines the steps that must be followed and the processes that must be completed in each step of the required task, then writes, tests and debugs the code that will accomplish it.

Education, Training & Degrees for Computer Programmers

There are any number of legitimate training paths available for programmers, mainly because the field of computer programming is so wide-ranging and because employers' needs are so varied. A bachelor's degree provides an essential foundation for most entry-level programming positions, although some of these positions can be obtained with just a two-year associate degree or a specialized certification. Associate and bachelor's degree programs in computer science are plentiful.

The specific concentration of the degree has a direct relationship to the type of work the prospective programmer wants to perform. Employers who use computers for scientific or engineering applications usually prefer graduates with at least a bachelor's degree in computer science, information science, mathematics, or engineering, for instance. Employers using computers for business applications generally prefer programmers who possess knowledge of information systems management. An advanced degree in any of these disciplines is often desired.

The level of education and experience employers seek has been rising due to the growing number of qualified applicants and the specialization involved with most programming tasks.

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Job Responsibilities and Desired Skills for Computer Programmers

Computer programmers are usually divided into two categories: application programmers or system programmers. Application programmers write programs which address a specific job, such as a program to track inventory within an organization, while systems programmers write programs to maintain and control computer systems software, such as operating systems, networked systems, and database systems.

Required skills for computer programmers vary widely depending on the technology they are using, the field in which they work, and the projects and tasks which they undertake. Essential character traits for programmers include a highly analytical mind, a great attention to detail, the ability to work both alone and with a group, and the ability to work under tight deadline pressure.

While technical advancements in the field of computer programming are changing the role of computer programmers, familiarity with traditional programming languages such as C++ and Java is very important, given their pervasiveness. Familiarity with fourth- and fifth-generation languages that involve graphic user interface and systems programming can also enhance a programmer's career and options.

Computer Programmer Salary Range and Employment Outlook

Employment opportunities for programmers are expected to grow more slowly than the average for all occupations over the next several years. This slowdown can be attributed to the development of sophisticated computer software that possesses the capability to write basic code.

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the average annual salary of computer programmers in 2004 was $62,890, with a range running from less than $36,470 to a high of nearly $100,000.

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